Part #1, Book #2: AwakeningGO TO CHAPTER 10

^{FN1 Ch10} See, The Siege of Louisbourg, 1758.

^{FN2 Ch10} Until the British government had completed a survey of their conquered lands, they ordered Governor Wilmot to make no grants to lands at either St. John's (Prince Edward Island) or Cape Breton. (See Richard Brown's A History of the Island of Cape Breton at p. 352.) As we can see from Brown (pp.352-5) there were no lack of applicants, including the nobility of both England and France. For example, there was the Duke of Richmond who applied to the king for a grant to the entire island of Cape Breton. Then there was Sieur Gratian d'Arrigrand who had pre-war rights to a great part of Cape Breton which the French King had given to him. Now that the war was over, d'Arrigrand thought it should be no problem for the King of England to confirm his rights, and, to facilitate matters, d'Arrigrand was perfectly ready to swear allegiance to the English throne. All of the applications for grants were turned down and the governor of Nova Scotia at Halifax was instructed not to take it upon himself to issue land grants at Cape Breton. It was thought that Cape Breton "should be reserved for the purpose of preserving for H.M. use, timber for shipbuilding and other uses." (Charles Morris in a letter dated May 21st, 1774, and set out by Murdoch, op. cit., in vol. 2, pp. 526-7.)

^{FN3 Ch10} See where Brown writes (A History of the Island of Cape Breton, op. cit., p. 355) that it was Morris who reported the "twenty-eight families" and how "a Guernsey firm" had commenced a fishery business in 1764.

^{FN4 Ch10} We can see that a substantial number of Acadians, by 1752, had made there way to the French territories of Cape Breton and St. John's Island. We have a very valuable record showing so. In 1752, Comte de Raymond, the French governor at Louisbourg commissioned one, Sieur de la Roque, to travel throughout Isle Royal and Isle St. Jean, "through all the ports, harbours, creeks, rivers and to all places ... generally, where there are settlers ..." De la Roque's job was to take a census; and, he did a very good job of it. His report is available to us today. See, Report Concerning Canadian Archives Branch for the Year 1905 (Ottawa: S.E. Dawson, 1906), vol. II, Appendix A, Part I., pp. 1-172.

^{FN5 Ch10} Lt. Gov. Francklin to Earl of Hillsborough, dated 26th September, 1765 as set out by Murdoch, History of Nova Scotia (1865), vol. 2, p. 486; see also Brown's A History of the Island of Cape Breton, op. cit., at pp. 369-70, where Brown writes of Francklyn's report to Hillsborough of 1768 (sic) where the stone houses of Louisbourg continue to stand, for example, the hospital, the Intendant's, the bake houses, etc. Brown then proceeds to identify the principal residents, 20 or so, all English; and, Oh yes, in passing, he mentions that there are "some French families." Brown then outlines Francklin's caution, that, unless there is a greater government presence in Cape Breton that what structures remain will be destroyed as the people have no reluctance when it comes to carrying away existing buildings piece by piece. More generally Francklin is of the view that the people on Cape Breton Island are but "the dregs of the English and French garrisons."

^{FN6 Ch10} Murdoch, op. cit., vol.2, p. 480.

^{FN7 Ch10} Ibid., p. 487. We get some sense of who was living in Cape Breton by looking to a further report which Francklin had sent in 1768. What we see listed are those who had received "licenses of occupation" and a greater number who had made improvements "without any title whatsoever." The communities listed together with the indicated surnames, are: Lorembec (Cottman), Louisbourg (Russell, Anthrobus, Gerrot, Kavanagh, Wheeler, Mortho, Brimigion, Roe, Townsend), St. Peter's (Gething, Kavanagh), Mainadieu (Reilly, Milward, Gould, Bollong, Wheeler, Ley, Neale, Huxford, Russell), Baleine (Meadoz, Cann, Gerrot, Russell), Garborus Bay (Collins, Macdonald, Clewly, Joice, Jervois, Perry, Curdo), Le Brasdoe (Townsend, Bagnal, Jermaine, Benoit), Miré River (Nairing, Mascall), and Petit de Grat (Fougier, Duga, Budro, Budro, Peters, Fourgier, Gaudein). There is a note appended in respect to those at Petit de Grat, viz., "47 Acadian men, women and children who were recommended by the late Governor Lawrence, and obtained licenses to carry on the fishery ..." (Brown's A History of the Island of Cape Breton, op. cit., at pp. 367-9.)

^{FN8 Ch10} In brief, of the total count of Acadians given in the 1767 Census, is, 1,265 persons. Holland was to count up 271 Acadians on Cape Breton Island. The other counts were: 200 at Halifax, 197 at Canso, and 140 at Windsor. [Placide Gaudet, "Acadian Genealogy and Notes," Federal Archives Report of 1906 (CAR-1906), vol. II (Ottawa: S.E. Dawson, 1906) p. 252.] As for the balance, which might be figured at 457, well, it seems to me, that this remainder, must have been located in the eastern corner of present day New Brunswick, which, back in 1767, was part of Nova Scotia.

^{FN9 Ch10} The Neutral Yankees of Nova Scotia, p. 95.

^{FN10 Ch10} In a letter to the Earl of Dartmouth dated the 26th of April, 1773, as set out in Murdoch, op. cit., vol.2, p. 508.

^{FN11 Ch10} Placide Gaudet, op. cit., pp. 217, 235. To Governor Legge, the inhabitants of Cape Breton are but "a lawless rabble." (Governor Legge's report, as cited by Murdoch, op. cit., vol. 2, p. 524.)

^{FN12 Ch10} In a report to the Lords of Trade as set out in Johnston, A History of the Catholic Church in Eastern Nova Scotia (Antigonish, N. S.: St. Francis Xavier Press, 1960 & 1971) vol. 1, at p. 82. There is reason to believe that not all of the Acadians that were found in and around Arichat as the century progressed came just from St. Pierre and Miquelon. Murdoch reports (op. cit.vol. 2, p. 519) that in 1774, twenty "French Acadians arrived at Canso, from France and Jersey. Some had families with them."

^{FN13 Ch10} NSHS, Vol #18, p. 72; Canadian Archives Report (CAR); vol. II (Ottawa: S.E. Dawson, 1906), Appendix 'A', p. 253. Murdoch, op. cit., in an appendix, breaks down the population in Cape Breton for 1774; as does Brown, A History of the Island of Cape Breton, op. cit., at pp. 376-7, as follows:

Louisbourg	>	144
Mainadieu	>	131
Little Bras d'Or	>	30
St. Peter's Bay	>	186
Arichat	>	237
La Baleine	>	39
Miré	>	29
Chapeau Rouge	>	47
Petit de Gras	>	168

^{FN14 Ch10} NSHS, Vol #18, p. 73. As of 1800, the major concentrations were at Sydney (801), Louisburg (192) and Arichat (1520).

^{FN15 Ch10} The population for all of Nova Scotia in 1763 was 8,200. (Brebner, The Neutral Yankees of Nova Scotia, p. 79.)