^{FN1 Ch15} G. F. Butler, "The Early Organization and Influence of Halifax Merchants," NSHS, #25, p. 14.

^{FN2 Ch15} Murdoch, vol. 3, p. 417.

^{FN3 Ch15} Thomas Beamish Akins, "History of Halifax City," NSHS, #8, p. 194.

^{FN4 Ch15} As quoted by Butler, "The Early Organization and Influence of Halifax Merchants," pp. 15-6.

^{FN5 Ch15} "History of Halifax City," NSHS, #8, p. 181.

^{FN6 Ch15} Ibid., p. 197.

^{FN7 Ch15} "A Halifax Boyhood of One Hundred and Twenty Years Ago," NSHS, Vol #28, pp. 122-3.

^{FN8 Ch15} Ibid., p. 125.

^{FN9 Ch15} The Birth of the Modern (New York: HarperCollins, 1991), p. 453.

^{FN10 Ch15} Ibid., p. 173.