^{FN1 Ch38} "Rebels launched several cross-border raids from the United States. Greatly influenced by the Americans, Mackenzie proclaimed the republic of Upper Canada on December 13, 1837, while Robert Nelson did the same for Lower Canada on February 28, 1838." (http://www.histori.ca : 27/01/2011)

^{FN2 Ch38} MacMechan, The Winning of Popular Government, No.27 in the 32 volume series on the history of Canada edited by Wrong and Langton, (Toronto: Glasgow, Brook & Co., 1914-6), pp. 4-5.

^{FN3 Ch38} Ibid.

^{FN4 Ch38} Llewellyn Woodward, The Age of Reform: 1815-1870 (1938)(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2nd ed., 1962), p. 380.

^{FN5 Ch38} E. M. Saunders, "Statement Relative to the Introduction and History of Responsible Government in Nova Scotia," NSHS, #17, p. 199.

^{FN6 Ch38} "The rebellion of 1837 never reached any large proportions, and very few French Canadians of social or political standing openly participated in the movement." (John George Bourinot, Canada under British Rule (Toronto: Copp-Clark, 1901), p. 135.

^{FN7 Ch38} "In Upper Canada Durham found a different situation. There the people were not 'slavish tools of a narrow official clique or a few purse-proud merchants,' but 'hardy farmers and humble mechanics composing a very independent, not very manageable, and sometimes a rather turbulent democracy.'" (MacMechan, The Winning of Popular Government, p. 23.) While the Upper Canadians were loyal, "their scanty population exhibits, in most portions of them, an aspect of poverty, backwardness and stagnation; and wherever a better state of things is visible, the improvement is generally to be ascribed to the influx of American settlers or capitalists." [Lord Durham's Report, Reprint of 1912 edition, Oxford University Press, in 3 vols, (New York: Kelley, 1970), vol. #2, p. 200.]

^{FN8 Ch38} "In all these Provinces [British North American] we find representative government coupled with an irresponsible executive; we find the same constant collision ..." (Lord Durham's Report, vol. #2, p. 194.)

^{FN9 Ch38} Lord Durham's Report, Vol. #2, p. 193.

^{FN10 Ch38} MacMechan, p. 51.

^{FN11 Ch38} A Shortened History of England (Penguin, 1960), p. 494.